6.11. Climate and insect distributions


Earlier in this chapter we saw how environmental factors may affect insect development. Here we examine some predictive models of how insect abundance and distribution change with abiotic factors. These models have application to past climate reconstruction, and increasingly are tested for veracity against range changes modulated by present, ongoing climate change.


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  Biotic effects
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  Modeling climatic effects on insect distributions

Chapter 6

6. Insect development and life histories

6.1. Growth

6.2. Life-history patterns and phases

6.2.1. Embryonic phase

6.2.2. Larval or nymphal phase

6.2.3. Metamorphosis

6.2.4. Imaginal or adult phase

6.3. Process and control of molting

6.4. Voltinism

6.5. Diapause

6.6. Dealing with environmental extremes

6.6.1. Cold

6.6.2. Heat

6.6.3. Aridity

6.7. Migration

6.8. Polymorphism and polyphenism

6.8.1. Genetic polymorphism

6.8.2. Environmental polymorphism, or polyphenism

6.9. Age-grading

6.9.1. Age-grading of immature insects

6.9.2. Age-grading of adult insects

6.10. Environmental effects on development

6.10.1. Temperature

6.10.2. Photoperiod

6.10.3. Humidity

6.10.4. Mutagens and toxins

6.10.5. Biotic effects

6.11. Climate and insect distributions

6.11.1. Modeling climatic effects on insect distributions

6.11.2. Climatic change and insect distributions

 Further reading