Further reading


Blossey, B. & Hunt-Joshi, T.R. (2003) Belowground herbivory by insects: influence on plants and aboveground herbivores. Annual Review of Entomology 48, 521–47.

Dindal, D.L. (ed.) (1990) Soil Biology Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Edgerly, J.S. (1997) Life beneath silk walls: a review of the primitively social Embiidina. In: The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids (eds. J.C. Choe & B.J. Crespi), pp. 14–25. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Eisenbeis, G. & Wichard, W. (1987) Atlas on the Biology of Soil Arthropods, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Hopkin, S.P. (1997) Biology of Springtails. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Lövei, G.L. & Sunderland, K.D. (1996) Ecology and behaviour of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Annual Review of Entomology 41, 231–56.

Lussenhop, J. (1992) Mechanisms of microarthropod—microbial interactions in soil. Advances in Ecological Research 23, 1–33.

McGeoch, M.A. (1998) The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators. Biological Reviews 73, 181–201.

Mueller, U.G., Rehner, S.A. & Schultz, T.R. (1998) The evolution of agriculture in ants. Science 281, 203–9.

New, T.R. (1998) Invertebrate Surveys for Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

North, R.D., Jackson, C.W. & Howse, P.E. (1997) Evolutionary aspects of ant—fungus interactions in leaf-cutting ants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12, 386–9.

Paine, T.D., Raffia, K.F. & Harrington, T.C. (1997) Inter- actions among scolytid bark beetles, their associated fungi, and live host conifers. Annual Review of Entomology 42, 179–206.

Resh, V.H. & Cardé, R.T. (eds.) (2003) Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam. [Particularly see articles on cave insects; soil habitats.]

Stork, N.E. (ed.) (1990) The Role of Ground Beetles in Ecological and Environmental Studies. Intercept, Andover.

Villani, M.G. & Wright, R.J. (1990) Environmental influences on soil macroarthropod behavior in agricultural systems. Annual Review of Entomology 35, 249–69.

Chapter 9