Chapter 14. Insect defense


An African ant-mimicking membracid bug. (After Boulard 1968.)
An African ant-mimicking membracid bug. (After Boulard 1968.)


14. Insect defense

14.1. Defense by hiding

14.2. Secondary lines of defense

14.3. Mechanical defenses

14.4. Chemical defenses

14.4.1. Classification by function of defensive chemicals

14.4.2. The chemical nature of defensive compounds

14.4.3. Sources of defensive chemicals

14.4.4. Organs of chemical defense

14.5. Defense by mimicry

14.5.1. Batesian mimicry

14.5.2. Müllerian mimicry

14.5.3. Mimicry as a continuum

14.6. Collective defenses in gregarious and social insects

 Further reading