Figures 3.4


Direct flight mechanisms: thorax during (a) upstroke and (b) downstroke of the wings. Indirect flight mechanisms:
Figures 3.4. Direct flight mechanisms: thorax during (a) upstroke and (b) downstroke of the wings. Indirect flight mechanisms:

thorax during (c) upstroke and (d) downstroke of the wings. Stippled muscles are those contracting in each illustration. (After Blaney 1976)

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  Diagram of a simple reflex mechanism of an insect.