Figures 3.5


Diagram of a simple reflex mechanism of an insect.
Figures 3.5. Diagram of a simple reflex mechanism of an insect.

The arrows show the paths of nerve impulses along nerve fibers (axons and dendrites). The ganglion, with its outer cortex and inner neuropile, is shown on the right. (After various sources)

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  Direct flight mechanisms: thorax during (a) upstroke and (b) downstroke of the wings. Indirect flight mechanisms:
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  The central nervous system of various insects showing the diversity of arrangement of ganglia in the ventral nerve cord.