Figures 3.3


A ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus) walking in the direction of the broken line.
Figures 3.3. A ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus) walking in the direction of the broken line.

The three blackened legs are those in contact with the ground in the two positions illustrated — (a) is followed by (b). (After Wigglesworth 1972)

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  Muscle attachments to body wall:
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  Direct flight mechanisms: thorax during (a) upstroke and (b) downstroke of the wings. Indirect flight mechanisms: