Figures 16.2


Cumulative increase in the number of arthropod species (mostly insects and mites) known to be resistant to one or more insecticides.
Figures 16.2. Cumulative increase in the number of arthropod species (mostly insects and mites) known to be resistant to one or more insecticides.

(After Bills et al. 2000)

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  Schematic graphs of the fluctuations of theoretical insect populations in relation to their general equilibrium population (GEP), economic threshold (ET), and economic injury level (EIL).
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  Generalized life cycle of an egg parasitoid.