Figures 14.2


Pale and melanic (carbonaria) morphs of the peppered moth Biston betularia resting on:
Figures 14.2. Pale and melanic (carbonaria) morphs of the peppered moth Biston betularia resting on:

(a) pale, lichen-covered; and (b) dark trunks.

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  The basic spectrum of prey defense strategies and predator foraging, varying according to costs and benefits in both time and energy.
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  A leaf-mimicking katydid, Mimetica mortuifolia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), in which the fore wing resembles a leaf even to the extent of leaf-like venation and spots resembling fungal mottling.