Figures 8.4


Appendages of hypothetical primitive Palaeozoic (left of each diagram) and modern (right of each diagram) pterygotes (winged insects):
Figures 8.4. Appendages of hypothetical primitive Palaeozoic (left of each diagram) and modern (right of each diagram) pterygotes (winged insects):

(a) thoracic segment of adult showing generalized condition of appendages; (b) dorsal view of nymphal morphology. (Modified from Kukalová-Peck 1991; to incorporate ideas of J.W.H. Trueman (unpublished))

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  Stylized tracheal system.
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  Area cladogram showing phylogenetic relationships of hypothetical insect taxa with taxon names replaced by their areas of endemism in the Hawai’ian archipelago.