Figures 8.1


The geological history of insects in relation to plant evolution.
Figures 8.1. The geological history of insects in relation to plant evolution.

Taxa that contain only fossils are indicated by the symbol †. The fossil record of Protura, Phthiraptera, and Zoraptera dates from only the Holocene, presumably because of the sma ll size and/or rarity of these organisms. Miomoptera represent the earliest fossil endopterygotes. The placement of Rhyniognatha is unknown. (Insect records after Kukalová-Peck 1991; and Conrad Labandeira (Smithsonian Institution) pers. comm.)

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  Cladogram of postulated relationships of selected lepidopteran higher taxa, based on morphological data.
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  Reconstruction of Stenodictya lobata (Palaeodictyoptera: Dictyoneuridae).