Figures 13.8


Comparisons of louse and host phylogenetic trees:
Figures 13.8. Comparisons of louse and host phylogenetic trees:

(a) adherence to Fahrenholz’s rule; (b) independent speciation of the lice; (c) independent speciation of the hosts. (After Lyal 1986)

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  Steps in host selection by the hyperparasitoid Alloxysta victrix (Hymenoptera: Figitidae).
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  An example of the regular cycling of numbers of predators and their prey: the aquatic planktonic predator Chaoborus (Diptera: Chaoboridae) and its cladoceran prey Daphnia (Crustacea).