Figures 12.6


The nest of the common European wasp, Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae):
Figures 12.6. The nest of the common European wasp, Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae):

(a) initial stages (1-5) of nest construction by the queen (the embryonic phase of the colony’s life); (b) a mature nest. (After Spradbery 1973)

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  Development of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), showing the factors that determine differentiation of the queen-laid eggs into drones, workers, and queens (on the left) and the approximate developmental times (in days) and stages for drones, workers, and queens (on the right).
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  Weaver ants of Oecophylla making a nest by pulling together leaves and binding them with silk produced by larvae that are held in the mandibles of worker ants.