Figures 9.5


A pair of dung beetles of Onthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) filling in the tunnels that they have excavated below a dung pad.
Figures 9.5. A pair of dung beetles of Onthophagus gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) filling in the tunnels that they have excavated below a dung pad.

The inset shows an individual dung ball within which beetle development takes place: (a) egg; (b) larva, which feeds on the dung; (c) pupa; and (d) adult just prior to emergence. (After Waterhouse 1974)

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  Underside of the thorax of the beetle Henoticus serratus (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae) showing the depressions, called mycangia, which the beetle uses to transport fungal material that inoculates new substrate on recently burnt wood.
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  The fungus gardens of the leaf-cutter ant, Atta cephalotes (Formicidae), require a constant supply of leaves.